Yellow-Eyed Penguins , the rarest penguins, are endemic to New Zealand, where they are called Hoiho. It is the last of its kind in the genus Megadyptes an ancient species.   Hoiho  is the third largest of all penguin species of the world’s penguins standing at 65cm tall and weigh up to 6kg. Their biggest threats are introduced predators, habitat loss, fisheries bycatch, pollution, and climate change on land.  Historically population numbers fluctuated considerably, but since 2008 there has been a significant decline, dropping so low that scientists now predict the species may be extinct on mainland NZ within the next 20 years, currently there are only 1,700 breeding pairs.